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This study presents a novel method to interpret mid-circuit measurements on transmon qubits by adapting error generator formalism, successfully decomposing complex readout errors into physically meaningful elementary components. By linking experimental data directly to device physics, the research provides essential insights for optimizing quantum error correction protocols required for utility-scale computing. This work advances our understanding of fundamental noise mechanisms like amplitude damping and imperfect collapse in current superconducting architectures.
Detailed, interpretable characterization of mid-circuit measurement on a transmon qubit
arXiv:2602.03938v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are critical components of the quantum error correction protocols expected to enable utility-scale quantum computing. MCMs can be modeled by quantum instruments (a type of quantum operation or process), which can be characterized self-consistently using gate set tomography. However, experimentally estimated quantum instruments are often hard to interpret or relate to device physics. We address this challenge by adapting the error generator formalism -- previously used to interpret noisy quantum gates by decomposing their error processes into physically meaningful sums of "elementary errors" -- to MCMs. We deploy our new analysis on a transmon qubit device to tease out and quantify error mechanisms including amplitude damping, readout error, and imperfect collapse. We examine in detail how the magnitudes of these errors vary with the readout pulse amplitude, recover the key features of dispersive readout predicted by theory, and show that these features can be modeled parsimoniously using a reduced model with just a few parameters.
Authors:Piper C. Wysocki, Luke D. Burkhart, Madeline H. Morocco, Corey I. Ostrove, Riley J. Murray, Tristan Brown, Jeffrey M. Gertler, David K. Kim, Nathan E. Miller, Bethany M. Niedzielski, Katrina M. Sliwa, Robin Blume-Kohout, Gabriel O. Samach, Mollie E. Schwartz, Kenneth M. Rudinger
Abstract:Mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are critical components of the quantum error correction protocols expected to enable utility-scale quantum computing. MCMs can be modeled by quantum instruments (a type of quantum operation or process), which can be characterized self-consistently using gate set tomography. However, experimentally estimated quantum instruments are often hard to interpret or relate to device physics. We address this challenge by adapting the error generator formalism -- previously used to interpret noisy quantum gates by decomposing their error processes into physically meaningful sums of "elementary errors" -- to MCMs. We deploy our new analysis on a transmon qubit device to tease out and quantify error mechanisms including amplitude damping, readout error, and imperfect collapse. We examine in detail how the magnitudes of these errors vary with the readout pulse amplitude, recover the key features of dispersive readout predicted by theory, and show that these features can be modeled parsimoniously using a reduced model with just a few parameters.
arXiv:2602.03938 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2602.03938v3 [quant-ph] for this version)
Full text under the publisher's open licence · 209 words
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