Deploying and Evaluating a Smart-Agriculture Agentic Engine for Full-Season Soybean Farm Operations

Abstract:This paper presents FAIRY, a full-stack smart-agriculture agent system developed for and deployed to an operating soybean research farm at Harbin Institute of Technology's smart-agriculture site. We develop FAIRY to execute and evaluate agentic agronomic operations on full-season spatiotemporal workflows that span ridge preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease treatment, harvest, grain handling, drying, and storage. FAIRY integrates APIs and infrastructure across production-grade machinery, fixed soil and canopy sensors, multispectral and thermal drones, satellite vegetation products, a weather station, calibrated crop-process models, agronomic records, and multi-season yield histories. The system is built around the novel "everything is an event" execution paradigm, which represents spatiotemporal world evolution, remote sensing and UAV observations, sensor readings, crop-growth transitions, machinery actions, and management interventions as state-changing events in a shared farm process engine. On top of this event-driven world model, FAIRY implements a complete agentic stack: a knowledge library of atomic agronomic skills; multi-agent controller and orchestration backends; frontier- and edge-model execution; full-path trace logging; and deployment profiling on local nodes. We use FAIRY to evaluate nine state-of-the-art agent controllers across one hundred full-season soybean scenarios that preserve the operational coupling between spatial observations in a 64-ridge field, temporal decision sequences, agronomic constraints, delayed effects, and final yield. We develop an evaluation suite that combines agentic success, full-path spatiotemporal correctness, token cost, and edge-device runtime.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Robotics (cs.RO)

arXiv:2609.00106 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2609.00106v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.00106 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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