aiqbench analysis
This research introduces quantum dense network coding, a protocol that leverages shared entanglement to transmit non-Boolean function outputs using half the qubits required by classical methods. The study demonstrates that this efficiency gain is robust against noise and can be exponentially amplified with additional senders, while also enabling a novel measurement-device-independent quantum key growing protocol. These findings advance the theoretical limits of quantum communication networks and their potential for secure cryptographic applications.
Communication Advantages from Quantum Dense Network Coding
arXiv:2607.08133v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A central problem in quantum information theory is understanding how quantum resources can be used to communicate information more efficiently than classical resources. We introduce quantum dense network coding -- a protocol that transmits the output of a non-Boolean function to a receiver using provably half as many qubits as bits for each sender by not transmitting the entirety of the function inputs. We show this advantage requires both shared entanglement and quantum communication, is robust to noise, and the gap in success probability between quantum and classical communication can be amplified exponentially in the number of senders. Finally, we show that dense network coding gives rise to a novel, information-theoretically secure, quantum cryptographic protocol, which we call measurement-device-independent quantum key growing.
Abstract:A central problem in quantum information theory is understanding how quantum resources can be used to communicate information more efficiently than classical resources. We introduce quantum dense network coding -- a protocol that transmits the output of a non-Boolean function to a receiver using provably half as many qubits as bits for each sender by not transmitting the entirety of the function inputs. We show this advantage requires both shared entanglement and quantum communication, is robust to noise, and the gap in success probability between quantum and classical communication can be amplified exponentially in the number of senders. Finally, we show that dense network coding gives rise to a novel, information-theoretically secure, quantum cryptographic protocol, which we call measurement-device-independent quantum key growing.
12+50 pages. Comments welcome! v2: Fixed some confusing typos
Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Information Theory (cs.IT)
arXiv:2607.08133 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2607.08133v2 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.08133 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.
Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.
Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Full text under the publisher's open licence · 226 words
Related coverage

How Photonic Chips Differ From Electronic Chips
Quantum Zeitgeist · Sep 19, 2026

News
Quantum Computing Report · Jun 7, 2026

A brief history of quantum vs classical computational advantage
Quantum Journal · Sep 1, 2026

CUbIQ plugs quantum security into NVIDIA’s AI networks
Quantum Zeitgeist · Sep 30, 2026