Central Limit Theorems for Outcome Records in Disordered Quantum Trajectories

Abstract:We prove annealed functional central limit theorems for finite pattern counts in the measurement record of discrete-time quantum trajectories, with the instrument applied at each step determined by an invertible, probability-preserving base dynamical system. When the base is ergodic, under summable strong-mixing coefficients of the instrument process and a summable uniform annealed trace-norm forgetting rate for the associated non-selective channel cocycle, we establish a joint functional CLT for bounded vector-valued functions of finite outcome blocks under the annealed law determined by the dynamically stationary state. We then extend this limit to every measurable random initial state, yielding a universal functional CLT with unchanged stationary centering and asymptotic covariance. We also provide practical sufficient criteria ensuring the existence and uniqueness of the dynamically stationary state and the required annealed trace-norm forgetting. We illustrate the results through a broad family of examples, including disordered walk-type models generated by finite group actions, measurement followed by preparation, and instruments with reset components. The results apply to general disordered quantum instruments and are not restricted to the perfect-measurement regime; they complement the law of large numbers established by Ekblad, Moreno-Nadales, and Pathirana (2026) for the same disordered setting and provide a disordered counterpart of the homogeneous CLT of Attal, Guillotin-Plantard, and Sabot (2014).

48 pages. Revised and strengthened to universal functional CLTs

Mathematical Physics (math-ph); Probability (math.PR); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2603.28893 [math-ph]

(or arXiv:2603.28893v2 [math-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.28893 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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