BR-MPPI: Barrier-Rate Guided MPPI for Enforcing Multiple Inequality Constraints with Learned Signed Distance Fields

Abstract:Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control provides a sampling-based framework for optimal control, while Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) provide a principled means of enforcing safety constraints. We introduce BR-MPPI, which integrates CBF-like conditions into MPPI's control sampling procedure. CBFs impose inequality constraints that bound the rate of change of barrier functions using a class-K function of the barrier value. We instead impose the CBF condition as an equality constraint using a parametric linear class-K function and augment the system state with its parameter. The parameter's time derivative serves as an additional control input optimized by MPPI. We further design a cost function that promotes parameter values consistent with Nagumo's condition at the safe-set boundary, thereby encouraging safety. The resulting multiple state- and control-dependent equality constraints pose a challenge for random control sampling. We address this through state transformations and control projections inspired by manifold path planning that map sampled controls onto the constraint manifold. We also incorporate learned signed distance fields to represent robot geometry and reduce computation time. Simulations demonstrate improved sample efficiency over vanilla MPPI and higher navigation success rates across five robot models compared with safety-oriented MPPI variants. Hardware experiments on a quadrotor further demonstrate the method's ability to navigate constrained environments near safe-set boundaries.

The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Project page: this https URL

Robotics (cs.RO); Optimization and Control (math.OC)

arXiv:2506.07325 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2506.07325v2 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.07325 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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