Benchmark Study for Quantum Statevector Simulators for Scientific Computing

arXiv:2611.01176v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum circuit simulators are essential for quantum algorithm development, yet systematic runtime benchmarks comparing major frameworks across CPU and GPU backends are limited. We benchmark three open-source frameworks - Cirq (qsim), CUDA-Q, and Qiskit (Aer) - on statevector simulation of the 2D quantum acoustic wave equation, evolved via Trotterized Hamiltonian dynamics, for problem sizes from 7 to 29 qubits on a single Azure virtual machine. The evaluation spans four categories: CPU runtime versus qubit count, strong scalability on multi-core CPUs at 27 qubits, GPU runtime versus qubit count, and GPU-over-CPU speedup. Relative rankings shift from one category to the next. On CPU, Cirq is fastest up to 23 qubits (2.4x faster than Qiskit at 21 qubits), but Qiskit overtakes it at larger sizes and higher thread counts, sustaining 80% parallel efficiency at 16 threads. On GPU, CUDA-Q leads between 13 and 21 qubits, while Cirq becomes the fastest GPU backend at large problem sizes, achieving 1.5x and 2.3x speedups over CUDA-Q and Qiskit at 29 qubits. GPU-over-CPU speedup ratios should be interpreted alongside absolute GPU runtimes; CUDA-Q's 1500x at 21 qubits is largely driven by the limited scaling of its CPU backend (qpp), and the absolute GPU runtimes show that the three frameworks' GPU backends differ by less than these ratios alone suggest. These results indicate that no single framework dominates across configurations, and that backend selection for statevector simulation should be guided by both target hardware and problem size.