Area Theorems for Quantum Error Correction

Abstract:The extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) and generalized EXIT (GEXIT) area theorems provide fundamental conservation laws that connect the rate of classical codes to the performance of maximum-a-posteriori decoding on binary memoryless channels. In this work, we generalize these area theorems to quantum error correction. We first develop a coset-entropy formalism for nested linear codes, where the message specifies a coset and encoder randomization selects a codeword within that coset. The area under the resulting coset (G)EXIT function equals the normalized dimension of the quotient. For stabilizer codes, the measured syndrome restricts the Pauli error but does not always determine its logical effect, and the remaining uncertainty is an entropy over logical correction classes. We show that this entropy equals a classical coset entropy associated with the stabilizer group and the Pauli operators that commute with it. The resulting quantum GEXIT function has area equal to the number of encoded qubits per channel use for any stabilizer code, and this applies to the depolarizing channel through its joint four-valued Pauli-error distribution. For CSS codes on the quantum erasure channel and under independent bit- and phase-flip noise, the logical correction problem separates into two binary coset-decoding problems. On the quantum erasure channel, the duality between the stabilizer group and the Pauli operators that commute with it gives a folding identity at complementary erasure probabilities. Using this and the area theorem, we derive an upper bound on the rate of code families with vanishing logical error probability that matches the capacity of the quantum erasure channel. For the depolarizing channel, we also derive a rate-dependent converse, using a connection between correction-class entropy and coherent information to establish an inequality involving the complementary channel.

Information Theory (cs.IT); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2610.22710 [cs.IT]

(or arXiv:2610.22710v1 [cs.IT] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.22710 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.

Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.

Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.