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This paper introduces Aggregate Disambiguation Systems (ADS) to address the inconsistency in AI evaluation where different evaluators yield conflicting verdicts on identical tasks. By modeling evaluator populations and providing statistical confidence bounds, the research offers a rigorous framework for ensuring protocol reproducibility rather than relying solely on semantic truth. This work is critical for advancing reliable machine learning infrastructure as large-scale model assessment becomes increasingly dependent on aggregated human or synthetic judge panels.
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Aggregate Disambiguation Systems

arXiv2 min read

arXiv:2608.30805v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Natural-language tasks can elicit different verdicts from protocol-following evaluators that receive the same declared information. We study aggregate disambiguation systems (ADSs). Given a task and a candidate solution, each evaluator casts a binary vote on whether the solution should be accepted, and the system aggregates the votes of a finite panel. The target is protocol reproducibility relative to an explicitly declared evaluator reference, not semantic truth. We separate fixed finite censuses, probabilistic evaluator populations, and growing-census limits, since their endpoint laws and guarantees are not interchangeable. In the population setting, we use finite samples to estimate how often a finite panel reaches the same decision as the declared evaluator population. We provide a lower confidence bound on the fraction of candidate solutions for which the disagreement probability is at most a chosen tolerance. The calculation accounts separately for sampling candidate solutions and sampling evaluators. The construction permits arbitrary dependence among columns induced by shared evaluator rows and uses exact binomial intervals at the evaluator layer and an exact one-sided binomial inversion at the generator layer. Simulations check the implementation against known population coverages and expose power limitations.

Abstract:Natural-language tasks can elicit different verdicts from protocol-following evaluators that receive the same declared information. We study aggregate disambiguation systems (ADSs). Given a task and a candidate solution, each evaluator casts a binary vote on whether the solution should be accepted, and the system aggregates the votes of a finite panel. The target is protocol reproducibility relative to an explicitly declared evaluator reference, not semantic truth. We separate fixed finite censuses, probabilistic evaluator populations, and growing-census limits, since their endpoint laws and guarantees are not interchangeable. In the population setting, we use finite samples to estimate how often a finite panel reaches the same decision as the declared evaluator population. We provide a lower confidence bound on the fraction of candidate solutions for which the disagreement probability is at most a chosen tolerance. The calculation accounts separately for sampling candidate solutions and sampling evaluators. The construction permits arbitrary dependence among columns induced by shared evaluator rows and uses exact binomial intervals at the evaluator layer and an exact one-sided binomial inversion at the generator layer. Simulations check the implementation against known population coverages and expose power limitations.

Methodology (stat.ME); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2608.30805 [stat.ME]

(or arXiv:2608.30805v1 [stat.ME] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.30805 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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Full text under the publisher's open licence · 283 words

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