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This case study demonstrates the emergence of autonomous coding agents capable of performing complex, large-scale refactoring tasks by autonomously developing domain-specific optimization recipes. The results highlight that model capability and deterministic verification harnesses are critical for scaling AI software engineering beyond simple code completion to substantive architectural improvements.
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Agents Refactor 300K Lines in Three Weeks, and Practitioners Ask What it Proves

InfoQ5 min read

CodeScene has published a case study in which coding agents refactored 300,000 lines of C over three weeks for roughly $4,000 in tokens, verified by a frame-by-frame replay harness. The agents built a playbook of codebase-specific recipes along the way. Practitioners have questioned the scope, the metric, and how much of the result depends on the harness. By Steef-Jan Wiggers

CodeScene has published a case study in which coding agents refactored a 300,000-line C codebase over three weeks, at a token cost of roughly $4,000. The work produced 2,903 commits across 726 files, modified 252,055 lines, and moved the codebase from a Code Health score of 5.6 to 10.0. The codebase is Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike, taken from an open-source decompilation. Adam Tornhill, CodeScene's founder and the author of Your Code as a Crime Scene, wrote that this was the first time he had seen what he called superhuman AI performance at scale, after three decades working on large…

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