aiqbench analysis
This paper exposes a critical flaw in current concept alignment research, demonstrating that optimizing single objectives fails to guarantee consistent instance-level or distributional properties. The authors introduce a rigorous framework and benchmark that proves strong alignment requires jointly enforcing complementary objectives, with surprisingly effective results achieved using minimal paired data. For practitioners, this shifts the focus from treating alignment as a monolithic task to defining and measuring distinct, multi-objective components.
A Unifying Framework for Concept-Based Representational Similarity
arXiv:2606.09653v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learned representations across models and modalities often exhibit striking structural similarities, suggesting shared underlying concept decompositions. However, concept alignment remains poorly defined: existing approaches optimize different objectives under the same terminology, obscuring what is actually aligned. We propose a unifying framework that decomposes alignment along two axes: what is aligned (representations vs. concepts) and at what level (instance-wise vs. distributional). This induces four corresponding properties -- instance-wise and distributional variants of translation and concept consistency -- and reveals precisely which of these guarantees existing methods provide. We further introduce \InterVenchA, an intervention-based benchmark that separately measures extraction quality, translation quality, and concept consistency. Through theory and experiments, we show that commonly assumed equivalences between alignment objectives fail in practice: optimizing one property does not reliably recover the others, and purely unsupervised objectives fail to recover meaningful instance-level alignment. We then propose the Coupled Sparse Autoencoder (CoSAE), which jointly enforces complementary alignment objectives. Strong alignment emerges only in this regime. Surprisingly, as little as 0.1\% paired data is sufficient to recover instance-level alignment when anchoring distributional objectives. Overall, our results show that concept alignment is fundamentally multi-objective: it must be defined, measured, and optimized as such.
Abstract:Learned representations across models and modalities often exhibit striking structural similarities, suggesting shared underlying concept decompositions. However, concept alignment remains poorly defined: existing approaches optimize different objectives under the same terminology, obscuring what is actually aligned. We propose a unifying framework that decomposes alignment along two axes: what is aligned (representations vs. concepts) and at what level (instance-wise vs. distributional). This induces four corresponding properties -- instance-wise and distributional variants of translation and concept consistency -- and reveals precisely which of these guarantees existing methods provide. We further introduce \InterVenchA, an intervention-based benchmark that separately measures extraction quality, translation quality, and concept consistency. Through theory and experiments, we show that commonly assumed equivalences between alignment objectives fail in practice: optimizing one property does not reliably recover the others, and purely unsupervised objectives fail to recover meaningful instance-level alignment. We then propose the Coupled Sparse Autoencoder (CoSAE), which jointly enforces complementary alignment objectives. Strong alignment emerges only in this regime. Surprisingly, as little as 0.1\% paired data is sufficient to recover instance-level alignment when anchoring distributional objectives. Overall, our results show that concept alignment is fundamentally multi-objective: it must be defined, measured, and optimized as such.
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2606.09653 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2606.09653v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.09653 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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Full text under the publisher's open licence · 289 words