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The paper argues that parallel token proposals in language-model decoding depend on the joint distribution across tokens, not just accurate per-token marginals. It builds joint laws from an integrable spin-chain model and shows that they can differ from their pairwise maximum-entropy approximations while matching one- and two-token moments. The results are finite-size mathematical existence proofs with no measured language-model or speedup gains, so readers should treat the practical relevance to speculative decoding as an open question.
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A Bethe-Ansatz Source of Early Token Correlations: A marginal-preserving construction for parallel proposals

arXiv2 min read

arXiv:2610.16781v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Parallel token proposals in language-model decoding need a joint law, not merely accurate token marginals. We construct a family of coordinate-Bethe-ansatz laws from the periodic XXZ chain and compare each with its maximum-entropy pairwise projection at identical one- and two-site moments. In the eight-site, three-excitation sector, symmetry makes their entire probability-law difference one-dimensional, determined by a contiguous three-site moment. Along the Bethe branch, this gap varies with anisotropy, changes sign, and vanishes exactly at $\Delta=(3+\sqrt{3})/2$, where the eigenstate law becomes exactly pairwise. A nonlinear readout transfers a nonzero gap into the first two token positions while preserving their separate marginals. At $\Delta=1.5$ the deterministic binary token laws differ by 0.02654573 in total variation. Exact speculative verification then gives a strict accepted-prefix advantage for a constructed target and a neighborhood within targets sharing its first-token marginal. This is a mathematical existence result. It does not establish a language-model gain or wall-clock speedup.

Abstract:Parallel token proposals need a joint law, not merely accurate token marginals. We construct coordinate-Bethe-ansatz laws from the periodic XXZ chain and compare them with their maximum-entropy pairwise projections at identical one- and two-site moments. In an eight-site, three-excitation sector, symmetry makes the full probability-law difference one-dimensional, determined by a contiguous three-site moment $\delta$. Along the Bethe branch, this gap changes sign and vanishes exactly at $\Delta=(3+\sqrt3)/2$, where the eigenstate law becomes pairwise. A nonlinear two-token readout preserves separate token marginals yet exposes a distance $2|\delta|$; a direct three-token readout preserves all one- and two-token marginals yet exposes $4|\delta|$. At $\Delta=1.5$ these deterministic binary distances are $0.02654573$ and $0.05309145$. We give an exact target-alignment formula and prove a strict speculative accepted-prefix advantage throughout an unrestricted open neighborhood of a constructed target. These are finite-law existence results, not measured language-model or wall-clock gains.

6 pages, 2 tables. Ancillary files reproduce the numerical results

Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2610.16781 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2610.16781v2 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.16781 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

high_precision_xxz.py

three_token_verification.json

verification.json

verify_alignment.py

verify_three_token.py

xxz_delta_sweep.json

xxz_delta_sweep.py

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Full text under the publisher's open licence · 269 words

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