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WorldCoder-Bench introduces a critical evaluation framework for LLMs generating executable 3D environments, shifting focus from superficial pixel matching to verifying hidden runtime states and physical constraints. The benchmark reveals that current frontier models achieve less than 28% verification coverage on core tasks, primarily due to state-schema drift and broken interaction chains rather than missing assets. This work establishes a necessary baseline for measuring the reliability and cost-efficiency of autonomous 3D world synthesis in browser-native applications.
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WorldCoder-Bench: Benchmarking Physically Grounded 3D World Synthesis

arXiv3 min de cititArticolul și perspectiva sunt în engleză.

arXiv:2606.01869v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly asked not only to write static interfaces, but to construct executable interactive worlds from natural language. Browser-native 3D, commonly built with Three.js, is a natural next frontier: generated programs must integrate assets, obey spatial and physical constraints, and keep user-facing controls synchronized with hidden runtime state. Existing web-generation benchmarks and evaluators, however, largely observe only pixels or DOM nodes, while the mechanics of a Three.js world unfold inside an opaque . We introduce WorldCoder-Bench, a benchmark for autonomous, physically grounded 3D world synthesis. WorldCoder-Bench contains 2,026 expert-curated tasks across Simulation, Rendering, and Application scenarios, with optional .glb assets and hidden behavioral contracts. We further propose StateProbe, an execution-based protocol that probes generated programs in a sandboxed browser and verifies hidden, mutation-hardened contracts over runtime states and transitions. Beyond verification coverage, we report Return on Automation and Time Efficiency Multiplier to measure correctness-adjusted cost and time savings. Across nine frontier models, the best system reaches only 27.8% verification coverage on WorldCoder-Core and 19.9% on WorldCoder-Robust, with failures dominated by state-schema drift and broken interaction chains rather than missing scene elements. Utility metrics further show that cheap or fast models can still provide substantial value on easier domains. WorldCoder-Bench is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/WorldCoder-Bench/.

Abstract:Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly asked not only to write static interfaces, but to construct executable interactive worlds from natural language. Browser-native 3D, commonly built with this http URL, is a natural next frontier: generated programs must integrate assets, obey spatial and physical constraints, and keep user-facing controls synchronized with hidden runtime state. Existing web-generation benchmarks and evaluators, however, largely observe only pixels or DOM nodes, while the mechanics of a this http URL world unfold inside an opaque <canvas>. We introduce WorldCoder-Bench, a benchmark for autonomous, physically grounded 3D world synthesis. WorldCoder-Bench contains 2,026 expert-curated tasks across Simulation, Rendering, and Application scenarios, with optional .glb assets and hidden behavioral contracts. We further propose StateProbe, an execution-based protocol that probes generated programs in a sandboxed browser and verifies hidden, mutation-hardened contracts over runtime states and transitions. Beyond verification coverage, we report Return on Automation and Time Efficiency Multiplier to measure correctness-adjusted cost and time savings. Across nine frontier models, the best system reaches only 27.8% verification coverage on WorldCoder-Core and 19.9% on WorldCoder-Robust, with failures dominated by state-schema drift and broken interaction chains rather than missing scene elements. Utility metrics further show that cheap or fast models can still provide substantial value on easier domains. WorldCoder-Bench is available at this https URL.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2606.01869 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2606.01869v2 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.01869 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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