Work extraction from long-lived quantum coherence of a three-level system

arXiv:2508.02614v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We analyze work-extraction protocols using the long-lived quantum coherence of a three-level quantum system coupled to a thermal bath. We identify conditions under which persistent quantum coherence can arise, i.e., for systems with degenerate excited states and aligned transition dipoles, or for nearly degenerate systems with small energy splittings. By proposing two thermodynamic protocols that employ energy-preserving unitary operations, we show that quantum coherence can be converted into population asymmetry, thereby serving as a quantum resource for work extraction. Specifically, we propose an optimized protocol to extract the maximum extractable work (MEW), measured by the free energy difference (FED), from quantum coherence in a single-shot thermodynamic cycle. Our results highlight the thermodynamic advantages of long-lived coherence in a three-level quantum system and could influence future designs of coherence-driven quantum thermal machines.