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This survey establishes a critical taxonomy for aligning video generation models, addressing unique challenges like temporal error accumulation and motion-appearance coupling that distinguish video from image or text generation. By categorizing post-training strategies into supervised fine-tuning, self-training, preference-based methods, and inference-time techniques, the paper offers essential guidance for building controllable and safe generative systems without full retraining.
Video Generation Models: A Survey of Post-Training and Alignment
arXiv:2610.00812v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Video generation has rapidly progressed from short, low-quality clips to high-resolution, long-duration sequences with complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Despite strong generative priors learned through large-scale pretraining, pretrained video models often fail to reliably follow human intent, maintain temporal coherence, or satisfy physical and safety constraints. Compared with image and text generation, alignment in video generation presents unique challenges, including error accumulation over time, motion-appearance coupling, multi-objective trade-offs, and limited supervision for temporal properties. These challenges motivate systematic post-training strategies that adapt pretrained models without retraining them from scratch. In this survey, we present the first comprehensive review of post-training and alignment in video generation models. We frame post-training as a unifying framework and distinguish between implicit alignment and explicit alignment based on how alignment signals are enforced. From this perspective, we organize existing approaches into four broad categories: supervised fine-tuning methods, self-training and distillation methods, preference- and reward-based methods, and inference-time methods. This taxonomy provides a coherent view of how alignment signals shape model behavior across both training and deployment. Beyond methodological advances, we review commonly used datasets, benchmarks, and evaluation practices, and discuss open challenges such as scalable reward design, long-horizon temporal consistency, stability-expressiveness trade-offs, and safety-aware generation. This survey aims to provide a structured conceptual foundation and practical guidance for advancing controllable and reliable video generation models.
Abstract:Video generation has rapidly progressed from short, low-quality clips to high-resolution, long-duration sequences with complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Despite strong generative priors learned through large-scale pretraining, pretrained video models often fail to reliably follow human intent, maintain temporal coherence, or satisfy physical and safety constraints. Compared with image and text generation, alignment in video generation presents unique challenges, including error accumulation over time, motion-appearance coupling, multi-objective trade-offs, and limited supervision for temporal properties. These challenges motivate systematic post-training strategies that adapt pretrained models without retraining them from scratch. In this survey, we present the first comprehensive review of post-training and alignment in video generation models. We frame post-training as a unifying framework and distinguish between implicit alignment and explicit alignment based on how alignment signals are enforced. From this perspective, we organize existing approaches into four broad categories: supervised fine-tuning methods, self-training and distillation methods, preference- and reward-based methods, and inference-time methods. This taxonomy provides a coherent view of how alignment signals shape model behavior across both training and deployment. Beyond methodological advances, we review commonly used datasets, benchmarks, and evaluation practices, and discuss open challenges such as scalable reward design, long-horizon temporal consistency, stability-expressiveness trade-offs, and safety-aware generation. This survey aims to provide a structured conceptual foundation and practical guidance for advancing controllable and reliable video generation models.
Published in Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR), 2026. Project page: this https URL
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2610.00812 [cs.CV]
(or arXiv:2610.00812v1 [cs.CV] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.00812 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2026-June, 2026. ISSN 2835-8856
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