Universality classes split by strong and weak symmetries

Abstract:Dissipative phase transitions are strongly shaped by the symmetries of the Liouvillian, yet a clear understanding of the quantitative impact of weak and strong symmetries on critical behavior is presently lacking. We study a squeezed-photon model with single- and two-photon losses, realizing weak and strong symmetries in the simplest possible setting. The two symmetries exhibit identical Gaussian static fluctuations, whereas the order parameter and the asymptotic decay rate display distinct scaling behaviors. Our one-loop Keldysh analysis, together with cumulant-expansion numerics, reveals sharply different critical scaling with respect to the thermodynamic scaling parameter. This shows that weak and strong symmetries lead to distinct dynamical universality classes despite originating from the same symmetry group in the closed system. Our results provide a clear quantitative demonstration that strong symmetries fundamentally reshape dissipative criticality.

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)

arXiv:2602.09090 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2602.09090v2 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.09090 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Phys. Rev. A 114, 022469 (2026)

https://doi.org/10.1103/vk65-cnx7 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources

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