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This research establishes a fundamental two-way link between entanglement entropy and thermodynamics in interacting quantum field theories at finite density. By demonstrating that the derivative of EE approaches thermal entropy density, the study provides nonperturbative evidence for extracting equation-of-state information directly from entanglement data. This work advances our theoretical understanding of how microscopic quantum correlations encode macroscopic physical properties without relying on specific model details.
Thermal and chemical response from entanglement entropy
arXiv:2603.07635v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study entanglement entropy (EE) in interacting quantum field theories (QFTs) at finite density. We argue that, in the limit of large subregions, the derivative of EE with respect to the size of the entangling region approaches the thermal entropy density, independently of microscopic details. We make this relation explicit using slab-shaped subregions, where the limiting behavior can be directly identified. At finite chemical potential, we show that EE satisfies thermodynamic response relations, including a generalized Maxwell relation linking chemical potential and charge density. We provide strong nonperturbative evidence for these statements in the three-dimensional O(4) model, and conjecture that they are generic features of continuum QFTs, establishing a two-way link between entanglement and thermodynamics that opens a route toward extracting the equation-of-state information from entanglement data.
Abstract:We study entanglement entropy (EE) in interacting quantum field theories (QFTs) at finite density. We argue that, in the limit of large subregions, the derivative of EE with respect to the size of the entangling region approaches the thermal entropy density, independently of microscopic details. We make this relation explicit using slab-shaped subregions, where the limiting behavior can be directly identified. At finite chemical potential, we show that EE satisfies thermodynamic response relations, including a generalized Maxwell relation linking chemical potential and charge density. We provide strong nonperturbative evidence for these statements in the three-dimensional O(4) model, and conjecture that they are generic features of continuum QFTs, establishing a two-way link between entanglement and thermodynamics that opens a route toward extracting the equation-of-state information from entanglement data.
7 pages, 3 figures, see also technical companion arXiv:2607.06286 , v2: references added, typos fixed
High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:2603.07635 [hep-th]
(or arXiv:2603.07635v2 [hep-th] for this version)
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