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This article examines the transition of web privacy protocols like Privacy Pass to post-quantum cryptography, addressing the threat quantum computers pose to current authenticated key-agreement mechanisms such as TLS. It outlines collaborative efforts to develop new cryptographic building blocks that will secure internet communications once cryptographically relevant quantum computers become operational.
The post-quantum future of web privacy
Cryptographic protocols like Privacy Pass help keep web sites safe from abuse while keeping their users private. This post looks at the quantum threat to these protocols, and some new post-quantum cryptography that may help close the gap.
The highest priorities for the transition to post-quantum cryptography are the basic building blocks of authenticated key-agreement protocols such as TLS. Without these building blocks in place, secure communication on the Internet will not be possible once cryptographically relevant quantum computers come online. However, today we rely on quantum-vulnerable cryptography for much more than TLS. Privacy Pass is a protocol used by site operators like Cloudflare to help protect applications from abuse. One way we do this is by rate limiting individual clients so that no one client consumes too many of the site's resources. Normally this involves some combination of friction or loss of privacy for users: CAPTCHAs or other challenges to moderate traffic, along with accounts and fingerprinting to identify traffic.Privacy Pass was designed to avoid this tradeoff between friction and privacy. The basic idea is that a client gets issued a number of tokens, which they can redeem in exchange for access to the site. Crucially, each token is unlinkable to the client it was issued to, ensuring the client can use the site as they always had without sacrificing privacy. With 10 years of deployment experience under our belts — using Privacy Pass for applications such…
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