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PTD-PO addresses the inefficiency of sparse rewards in RLVR by providing dense, token-level supervision without exposing final answers, thereby preventing shortcut behaviors in multimodal reasoning. The framework stabilizes training under distribution shifts using a Top-K Jensen-Shannon divergence objective, which aligns failed rollouts with hint-augmented references while reducing memory overhead. Experimental results on 2B to 8B parameter models demonstrate consistent performance gains over existing baselines, offering a practical path forward for complex reasoning tasks.
Teaching the Way, Not the Answer: Privileged Tutoring Distillation for Multimodal Policy Optimization
arXiv:2606.07000v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent post-training methods, particularly Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), have significantly enhanced the reasoning ability of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, the sparse nature of verifiable rewards provides little token-level supervision for failed rollouts, often leading to inefficient exploration in complex multimodal reasoning tasks. Although policy distillation can offer dense guidance, external teacher based methods introduce substantial computational overhead, while answer conditioned tuning methods may expose answer-level information and induce shortcut-like generation behavior. To address these limitations, we propose PTD-PO, a Privileged Tutoring Distillation Policy Optimization framework for RLVR that provides dense guidance without exposing the answer to the student policy. Specifically, PTD-PO constructs structured privileged hints from spatial attention guidance and intermediate textual reasoning steps, and uses them through in-context learning to produce step-wise token-distribution supervision. The student is still optimized under the original answer-free context, and its failed rollouts are aligned with the hint-augmented reference model at the token-distribution level. To further stabilize distillation under the distribution shift between guided and unguided contexts, we introduce a Top-K Jensen-Shannon divergence objective that focuses alignment on informative token probabilities while reducing memory overhead. Experiments on LVLMs ranging from 2B to 8B parameters show that PTD-PO consistently outperforms RLVR and distillation baselines, mitigates entropy collapse, and improves complex multimodal reasoning performance.
Abstract:Recent post-training methods, particularly Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), have significantly enhanced the reasoning ability of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, the sparse nature of verifiable rewards provides little token-level supervision for failed rollouts, often leading to inefficient exploration in complex multimodal reasoning tasks. Although policy distillation can offer dense guidance, external teacher based methods introduce substantial computational overhead, while answer conditioned tuning methods may expose answer-level information and induce shortcut-like generation behavior. To address these limitations, we propose PTD-PO, a Privileged Tutoring Distillation Policy Optimization framework for RLVR that provides dense guidance without exposing the answer to the student policy. Specifically, PTD-PO constructs structured privileged hints from spatial attention guidance and intermediate textual reasoning steps, and uses them through in-context learning to produce step-wise token-distribution supervision. The student is still optimized under the original answer-free context, and its failed rollouts are aligned with the hint-augmented reference model at the token-distribution level. To further stabilize distillation under the distribution shift between guided and unguided contexts, we introduce a Top-K Jensen-Shannon divergence objective that focuses alignment on informative token probabilities while reducing memory overhead. Experiments on LVLMs ranging from 2B to 8B parameters show that PTD-PO consistently outperforms RLVR and distillation baselines, mitigates entropy collapse, and improves complex multimodal reasoning performance.
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
arXiv:2606.07000 [cs.AI]
(or arXiv:2606.07000v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.07000 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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