Tactile MNIST: Benchmarking Active Tactile Perception

arXiv:2506.06361v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Tactile perception has the potential to significantly enhance dexterous robotic manipulation by providing rich local information that can complement or substitute for other sensory modalities such as vision. However, tactile sensing is an inherently local sensor modality, providing information only at the points of contact. This strict locality necessitates the use of active perception techniques to acquire useful, task-relevant information from manipulated objects or the environment in general. Hence, the agent must actively guide sensors toward regions with more informative or significant features and integrate this information over time to understand a scene or complete a task. While active perception and tactile sensing methods have received significant attention recently, both fields lack standardized benchmarks. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Tactile MNIST Benchmark Suite, an open-source, Gymnasium-compatible benchmark specifically designed for active tactile perception tasks, including classification, localization, pose estimation, and volume estimation. Our benchmark suite offers diverse simulation scenarios, from simple toy environments to complex tactile perception tasks using vision-based tactile sensors. Furthermore, we offer a comprehensive dataset comprising 13,580 synthetic 3D MNIST digit models and 153,600 real-world tactile samples collected from 600 3D-printed digits. Using this dataset, we train a CycleGAN for realistic tactile simulation rendering. By providing standardized protocols and reproducible evaluation frameworks, our benchmark suite facilitates systematic progress in tactile sensing and active perception more broadly.