SyRuP: Enhancing System-Prompt Following via Reward-Guided Prediction in LLM Decoding

Abstract:Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly controlled through system prompts that specify roles, styles, formats, and safety requirements. However, models follow these prompts only implicitly through in-context learning, which can be insufficient for complex or compositional prompts. Existing approaches often require model tuning or response-level reranking, limiting their practicality for lightweight inference-time control. We introduce SyRuP, a decoding-time framework for improving system-prompt adherence while keeping the base LM frozen. SyRuP trains a cross-attention reward head from system-prompt-conditioned preference pairs, treating the system prompt as a separate memory to produce token-level adherence scores. At inference, SyRuP reranks the base LM's top-k candidates by combining base logits with the learned reward signal and an optional contrastive signal capturing system-induced logit shifts. Experiments on system-prompt following benchmarks show that SyRuP consistently outperforms prompting and decoding-time baselines with moderate inference overhead. These results suggest that explicit token-level guidance is an effective and practical mechanism for reliable system-prompt following.

Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2607.23991 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2607.23991v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.23991 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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