Spectral GS-SLAM: Observability-Aware, Degeneracy-Robust Tracking for Real-Time 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM

arXiv:2606.21258v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent 3DGS-SLAM systems enable real-time operation by leveraging conventional feature matching or ICP-based tracking, thereby avoiding the heavy dense photometric optimization used in earlier approaches. However, feature matching remains prone to failure in textureless environments, while ICP-based tracking struggles in structureless or geometrically degenerate scenes due to ill-conditioned optimization. To address this issue, we propose Spectral GS-SLAM, an efficient yet robust tracking framework that integrates ICP with complementary feature-based constraints. Our method mitigates numerical instability by adaptively compensating under-constrained directions in degenerate scenarios, without interfering with the shared Gaussian representation used for mapping. We further introduce a Gaussian-aware planarity weighting mechanism that exploits the intrinsic covariance structure of 3D Gaussians to characterize scene geometry and guide information fusion. Extensive evaluations on challenging TUM RGB-D sequences demonstrate that Spectral GS-SLAM achieves real-time performance (40.14 FPS) while maintaining consistent tracking in both structureless and featureless environments. The proposed method preserves trajectory integrity in degenerate scenes while maintaining competitive performance in non-adverse conditions.

Abstract:Recent 3DGS-SLAM systems enable real-time operation by leveraging conventional feature matching or ICP-based tracking, thereby avoiding the heavy dense photometric optimization used in earlier approaches. However, feature matching remains prone to failure in textureless environments, while ICP-based tracking struggles in structureless or geometrically degenerate scenes due to ill-conditioned optimization. To address this issue, we propose Spectral GS-SLAM, an efficient yet robust tracking framework that integrates ICP with complementary feature-based constraints. Our method mitigates numerical instability by adaptively compensating under-constrained directions in degenerate scenarios, without interfering with the shared Gaussian representation used for mapping. We further introduce a Gaussian-aware planarity weighting mechanism that exploits the intrinsic covariance structure of 3D Gaussians to characterize scene geometry and guide information fusion. Extensive evaluations on challenging TUM RGB-D sequences demonstrate that Spectral GS-SLAM achieves real-time performance (40.14 FPS) while maintaining consistent tracking in both structureless and featureless environments. The proposed method preserves trajectory integrity in degenerate scenes while maintaining competitive performance in non-adverse conditions.

This work has been accepted to IROS 2026. Project site: this https URL, Code: this https URL

Robotics (cs.RO); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)

arXiv:2606.21258 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2606.21258v2 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.21258 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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Spectral GS-SLAM: Observability-Aware, Degeneracy-Robust Tracking for Real-Time 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM

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