Sequential Circuits as Generalized Symmetry on the Lattice

arXiv:2507.22394v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Generalized symmetry extends the usual notion of symmetry to ones that are of higher-form, acting on subsystems, non-invertible, etc. The concept was defined in the field theory context using the idea of topological defects. On the lattice, an immediate consequence is that a symmetry twist is moved across the system by a sequential quantum circuit. In this paper, we ask how to deduce the full, potentially non-invertible symmetry action from the unitary sequential circuit and how the connection to sequential circuit constrains the properties of the generalized symmetries. We find that for symmetries that contain the trivial symmetry operator as a fusion outcome, which we call annihilable symmetries, the sequential circuit fully determines the symmetry action and puts various constraints on their fusion. In contrast, for unannihilable symmetries, like those whose corresponding twist is the Cheshire string, a further one-dimensional sequential circuit is needed for the full description. Matrix product operator and tensor network operator representations play an important role in our discussion.

Abstract:Generalized symmetry extends the usual notion of symmetry to ones that are of higher-form, acting on subsystems, non-invertible, etc. The concept was defined in the field theory context using the idea of topological defects. On the lattice, an immediate consequence is that a symmetry twist is moved across the system by a sequential quantum circuit. In this paper, we ask how to deduce the full, potentially non-invertible symmetry action from the unitary sequential circuit and how the connection to sequential circuit constrains the properties of the generalized symmetries. We find that for symmetries that contain the trivial symmetry operator as a fusion outcome, which we call annihilable symmetries, the sequential circuit fully determines the symmetry action and puts various constraints on their fusion. In contrast, for unannihilable symmetries, like those whose corresponding twist is the Cheshire string, a further one-dimensional sequential circuit is needed for the full description. Matrix product operator and tensor network operator representations play an important role in our discussion.

14+4 pages. 10 figures. v2: published version. Added proof for 1D generalized symmetries in constaint Hilbert spaces

Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2507.22394 [cond-mat.str-el]

(or arXiv:2507.22394v2 [cond-mat.str-el] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.22394 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Phys. Rev. B 114, 225101 (2026)

https://doi.org/10.1103/y6fr-g1l8 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources

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Sequential Circuits as Generalized Symmetry on the Lattice

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