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Researchers have introduced Time-Ordered Free Energy (TOFE), a metric that corrects previous assumptions about sequential energy harvesting in quantum systems by proving step-by-step maximization is not always optimal. By utilizing dynamic programming with linear time complexity, this new framework enables the analysis of long sequences previously deemed computationally intractable due to exponential scaling issues. This advancement provides critical theoretical tools for designing autonomous machines and optimizing work extraction from temporally correlated quantum environments under causal constraints.

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Researchers Define Time-Ordered Free Energy in Quantum Systems

Quantum Zeitgeist18 august 20264 min de cititArticolul și perspectiva sunt în engleză.

Previously, sequential energy harvesting from quantum systems assumed maximising gain at each step was sufficient. Now, a new calculation demonstrates that strategy is not always optimal, revealing a more efficient path to extracting work from temporally correlated systems. This advance delivers a method with time complexity scaling linearly with sequence length, opening new avenues for designing autonomous machines and improving energy harvesting.

Ruo Cheng Huang of the Nanyang Technological University and colleagues from Beyond Institute for Theoretical Science (BITS) and Institute of Advanced Intelligence and Computing (IAIC) have defined time-ordered free energy (TOFE) as the maximum work obtainable from temporally correlated quantum systems, constrained by knowledge of only past events. The team developed a dynamic programming algorithm with linear time complexity relative to sequence length. This algorithm reveals that maximising energy…

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