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This paper addresses foundational issues in quantum information theory by analyzing the measurability requirements of no-signalling strategies involving the Axiom of Choice. It clarifies that while deterministic strategies using this axiom work for fixed inputs, they fail to satisfy the Markov kernel condition required when inputs are sampled from a probability distribution. The discussion is strictly theoretical and pertains to the mathematical consistency of quantum protocols rather than practical applications or engineering implementations.
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Reply to the Comment on "The Axiom of Choice and the No-Signalling Principle"

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arXiv:2609.04321v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We clarify the meaning of a probabilistic no-signalling strategy in Ref [Proc. R. Soc. A 481, 20240601]. For every fixed input, the deterministic strategy constructed using the Axiom of Choice can indeed be represented by a Dirac probability distribution over the outputs. The relevant distinction arises when one considers the complete process from input to output, with the input itself sampled according to a probability distribution. In this case, the input and output spaces must be measurable and the dependence of the conditional output distribution on the input must also be measurable. Equivalently, the conditional distributions must form a Markov kernel. The Axiom-of-Choice strategy fails precisely this measurability requirement.

Abstract:We clarify the meaning of a probabilistic no-signalling strategy in Ref [Proc. R. Soc. A 481, 20240601]. For every fixed input, the deterministic strategy constructed using the Axiom of Choice can indeed be represented by a Dirac probability distribution over the outputs. The relevant distinction arises when one considers the complete process from input to output, with the input itself sampled according to a probability distribution. In this case, the input and output spaces must be measurable and the dependence of the conditional output distribution on the input must also be measurable. Equivalently, the conditional distributions must form a Markov kernel. The Axiom-of-Choice strategy fails precisely this measurability requirement.

2 pages; In press in Proc. R. Soc. A. Reply to arXiv:2604.20756

arXiv:2609.04321 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2609.04321v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.04321 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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