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This research applies normalizing flow models to recover weak scientific signals obscured by dominant noise, addressing a critical challenge in fields like astrophysics where calibration often distorts data. By leveraging statistical invariance, the framework offers a theoretical approach to reconstruct lost signal components without relying on standard subtraction methods that suppress underlying information. The study demonstrates efficacy through simulated data, highlighting potential applications for improving signal fidelity in complex scientific instrumentation.
Recovering Weak Signals with Normalizing Flows
arXiv:2609.06382v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In many scientific disciplines, weak signals of interest are obscured by dominant nuisance signals that are several orders of magnitude stronger. Recovering these weak signals requires subtracting the dominant ones; however, this calibration process inherently distorts or partially suppresses the underlying signal of interest. To address this problem, we propose the use of normalizing flow models to reconstruct calibration-affected weak signals. By leveraging the statistical invariance of the target signals and assuming minimal initial suppression, our framework effectively recovers the lost signal components. We provide a comprehensive theoretical overview of this normalizing flow-based recovery method and demonstrate its efficacy using simulated data.
Abstract:In many scientific disciplines, weak signals of interest are obscured by dominant nuisance signals that are several orders of magnitude stronger. Recovering these weak signals requires subtracting the dominant ones; however, this calibration process inherently distorts or partially suppresses the underlying signal of interest. To address this problem, we propose the use of normalizing flow models to reconstruct calibration-affected weak signals. By leveraging the statistical invariance of the target signals and assuming minimal initial suppression, our framework effectively recovers the lost signal components. We provide a comprehensive theoretical overview of this normalizing flow-based recovery method and demonstrate its efficacy using simulated data.
Machine Learning (stat.ML); Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO); Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2609.06382 [stat.ML]
(or arXiv:2609.06382v1 [stat.ML] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.06382 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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