RAPAC-DP: Response-Aligned Pending-Action Compensation for Diffusion Policies under Delayed Execution

Abstract:Cloud-side inference gives imitation-learning policies access to greater computational resources, but communication and computation delays can degrade control performance. To compensate for these delays, we propose RAPAC-DP, a response-aligned pending-action compensation framework designed for both diffusion- and flow-based action generators. RAPAC-DP encodes the actions already scheduled for execution before the cloud response arrives into a pending-action sequence that serves as the conditioning input to a parameter-efficient compensation pathway. When delay effects are negligible, bypassing this pathway exactly recovers the frozen base policy. For training, RAPAC-DP constructs delay-conditioned samples from delay-free demonstrations, requiring neither explicit system dynamics nor additional delayed demonstrations. At the largest fixed delay tested on Kinetix, RAPAC-DP retained 81.4% of its overall delay-free performance. At the largest fixed delay tested on each RoboMimic task, it achieved a mean success rate of 0.633 across the three tasks. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of pending-action compensation for cloud-deployed imitation-learning policies.

Robotics (cs.RO)

arXiv:2608.15924 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2608.15924v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.15924 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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