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This research proposes a novel gravitational path integral formulation using quantum reference frames to construct a perspective-neutral spacetime independent of absolute coordinates. By encoding all internal observer perspectives, the framework predicts "fuzzy" local correlators and relational vacua where vacuum states appear excited depending on the chosen frame. This approach directly addresses foundational challenges in quantum gravity by deriving gauge-invariant dynamics from field content rather than external observers.
Quantum Reference Frames Yield Gauge-Invariant Gravity Path Integral
A relational bundle-geometric formulation of the gravitational path integral is proposed, invoking quantum reference frames (QRFs) which are gauge-covariant coordinate systems constructed from the available field content. Formulated with relational observables, this yields a manifestly gauge-invariant path integral, and is perspective-neutral, encoding all internal QRF perspectives and transformations between them.
Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez, Renata Ferrero, Philipp A. Höhn, and Luca Marchetti have formulated a new gravitational path integral using quantum reference frames (QRFs), constructed directly from the fields themselves. This relational framework, detailed in the research paper “Relational path integral, effective actions and quantum frame covariance in gravity”, is equivalent to Faddeev-Popov versions in which the QRF is gauge-fixed, recovering certain previous proposals. The resulting path integral is described as perspective-neutral because it incorporates all internal QRF perspectives and transformations between them, meaning calculations are not tied to a single…
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