Quantum linear solvers for quantum chemistry: prospects of exponential quantum advantage

arXiv:2607.08220v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Quantum linear solvers (QLSs) offer the potential for quantum advantage in solving quantum chemical problems, but assessing such an advantage hinges on determining condition number ($\kappa$) scaling, which itself is computationally challenging. While a recent work applied the HHL algorithm to single-reference linearized coupled cluster (SRLCC), the validity of the framework is restricted to weakly correlated regimes. We thus begin by extending QLS-SRLCC to its multi-reference form, the internally contracted multi-reference LCC (QLS-icMRLCC). We then analyze $\kappa$ scaling across a diverse range of systems as well as bases in both QLS-SRLCC and QLS-icMRLCC, using three complementary diagnostics that range from explicit computations to use of indirect structural indicators: (i) direct calculations of $\kappa$, (ii) scaling of the ratio of maximum to minimum diagonal entries of an $A$ matrix, and (iii) structural analyses of the $A$ matrices based on a recently proposed conjecture that we adapt to the QLS-LCC problem. The three approaches yield broadly consistent predictions, with our numerical results indicating a slow-growing $\kappa$ scaling in system size for the sampled systems. For icMRLCC, however, the observed behaviour depends on the reference active space, leaving the broader prospects of quantum advantage with it less certain. This finding, when combined with our arguments on sub-linear scaling of sparsity (when excitation rank>2), supports the prospects of exponential advantage for QLS-LCC. However, the prospects of a QLS-level advantage do not necessarily translate to a speed-up in an end-to-end workflow. Finally, up to 28-qubit HHL-icMRLCCSD numerical calculations on potential energy curves of model systems containing up to four atoms recover the ground state energies with about $0.012\%$ errors relative to benchmark classical methods.