Quantum-hardware spectral co-design framework for multifrequency Rydberg electrometry

arXiv:2609.11635v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Engineering electromagnetic hardware to satisfy discrete quantum-defined spectral constraints constitutes a general spectral co-design problem for quantum systems. Here we address this challenge in multifrequency Rydberg electrometry by directly coupling a fabrication-constrained simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA)--Adam optimizer to full-wave finite-element eigenmode simulations. Requiring neither analytical nor adjoint gradients, the method operates over a discrete design space containing approximately $10^{300}$-configurations and yields a novel multimode electrometry architecture that simultaneously aligns four high-$Q$ eigenmodes with four selected Cs Rydberg transitions. The optimized design remains highly robust to fabrication imperfections, achieving a relative frequency error as low as $8.42\times10^{-7}$ while reducing the device length by a factor of $1.75\times10^{2}$, thereby overcoming the difficulty of simultaneous multimode spectral matching encountered in conventional design. For a comparable simulation budget, the proposed co-design framework achieves frequency-matching errors approximately 10 and 41 times smaller than those of covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy and discrete simulated annealing, respectively. The electrometry is predicted to provide an average input-power-sensitivity enhancement of approximately $4.04\times10^{3}$, demonstrating quantum--hardware spectral co-design as a general route toward compact hardware for multichannel quantum sensing.

Abstract:Engineering electromagnetic hardware to satisfy discrete quantum-defined spectral constraints constitutes a general spectral co-design problem for quantum systems. Here we address this challenge in multifrequency Rydberg electrometry by directly coupling a fabrication-constrained simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA)--Adam optimizer to full-wave finite-element eigenmode simulations. Requiring neither analytical nor adjoint gradients, the method operates over a discrete design space containing approximately $10^{300}$-configurations and yields a novel multimode electrometry architecture that simultaneously aligns four high-$Q$ eigenmodes with four selected Cs Rydberg transitions. The optimized design remains highly robust to fabrication imperfections, achieving a relative frequency error as low as $8.42\times10^{-7}$ while reducing the device length by a factor of $1.75\times10^{2}$, thereby overcoming the difficulty of simultaneous multimode spectral matching encountered in conventional design. For a comparable simulation budget, the proposed co-design framework achieves frequency-matching errors approximately 10 and 41 times smaller than those of covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy and discrete simulated annealing, respectively. The electrometry is predicted to provide an average input-power-sensitivity enhancement of approximately $4.04\times10^{3}$, demonstrating quantum--hardware spectral co-design as a general route toward compact hardware for multichannel quantum sensing.

arXiv:2609.11635 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2609.11635v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.11635 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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Quantum-hardware spectral co-design framework for multifrequency Rydberg electrometry

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