Preferential Attachment with Local Flexibility

Abstract:From the formation of social ties to the budding quantum internet, growing networks often exhibit local flexibility upon new nodes attaching to an existing network. In our proposed model, a new node connects uniformly at random to a node within the proximity of the intended target, including, but not restricted to, the target itself. Through numerical simulations and rigorous stochastic analysis, we find this local flexibility to qualitatively change the global network behavior of nonlinear preferential attachment. Depending on whether the preferential attachment is superlinear or (sub)linear, two distinct classes of complex network architectures emerge. The superlinear phase leads to a layered hierarchy, with no stationary degree distribution. Although there is a stationary degree distribution in the linear and sublinear cases, it decays strictly faster than for the Barabási--Albert model. We interpret our results within a two-dimensional phase diagram of network growth models incorporating redirection, with broad implications.

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Probability (math.PR); Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)

arXiv:2512.22542 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2512.22542v2 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.22542 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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