Poled-fibre phase modulator for efficient high-dimensional quantum measurements

arXiv:2608.04112v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efficient detection of quantum states underpins advanced device-independent quantum-information protocols that provide the ultimate level of security for tasks including quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution (QKD). High-dimensional encoding is a natural route to boost the performance of such protocols, offering enhanced noise resilience and higher information capacity, yet their practical implementation remains challenging. A key experimental bottleneck in higher dimensions is the typical need of active modulators for basis selection, which incur substantial optical losses and polarization-sensitive operation. Poled optical fiber phase modulators (PFPMs) are a fiber-native electro-optic technology that naturally addresses these challenges, combining sub-dB insertion loss, intrinsic polarization independence, and direct compatibility with standard telecommunications fiber. Here we report the first use of a PFPM for active quantum-state measurements in a fully fiber-integrated platform. Basis selection in our receiver for four-dimensional qudits is achieved using a single PFPM, substantially simplifying the receiver architecture. As a benchmark, we perform a four-dimensional QKD session and obtain a finite secret-key rate per pulse that, to the best of our knowledge, surpasses all previously reported QKD demonstrations. Our results establish poled-fiber electro-optic modulation as a broadly applicable platform for high-efficiency detection in fiber-integrated quantum information processing.

Authors:Nayda Guerrero, Nelson Villalba, Gustavo H. dos Santos, Carlos J. Salazar, Cristobal Melo, Fernando Castillo, Jaime Cariñe, Guilherme B. Xavier, Esteban S. Gómez, Stephen P. Walborn, João Pereira, Gabriel Saavedra, Gustavo Lima

Abstract:Efficient detection of quantum states underpins advanced device-independent quantum-information protocols that provide the ultimate level of security for tasks including quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution (QKD). High-dimensional encoding is a natural route to boost the performance of such protocols, offering enhanced noise resilience and higher information capacity, yet their practical implementation remains challenging. A key experimental bottleneck in higher dimensions is the typical need of active modulators for basis selection, which incur substantial optical losses and polarization-sensitive operation. Poled optical fiber phase modulators (PFPMs) are a fiber-native electro-optic technology that naturally addresses these challenges, combining sub-dB insertion loss, intrinsic polarization independence, and direct compatibility with standard telecommunications fiber. Here we report the first use of a PFPM for active quantum-state measurements in a fully fiber-integrated platform. Basis selection in our receiver for four-dimensional qudits is achieved using a single PFPM, substantially simplifying the receiver architecture. As a benchmark, we perform a four-dimensional QKD session and obtain a finite secret-key rate per pulse that, to the best of our knowledge, surpasses all previously reported QKD demonstrations. Our results establish poled-fiber electro-optic modulation as a broadly applicable platform for high-efficiency detection in fiber-integrated quantum information processing.

9 pages, 5 figures. Please see the parallel paper "An optical-fibre-integrated buffer for packet-switched quantum networks'' that was submitted today to the arXiv

arXiv:2608.04112 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2608.04112v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.04112 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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Poled-fibre phase modulator for efficient high-dimensional quantum measurements

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