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This research introduces Plan-and-Patch, a framework leveraging diffusion language models (dLLMs) to efficiently generate and repair partial plans for long-horizon agentic tasks. By selectively regenerating only affected regions while preserving valid steps, the approach significantly outperforms autoregressive baselines in plan repair success rates and reduces generation latency by nearly half. The study highlights a critical advancement in agent reliability, demonstrating that diffusion models offer superior efficiency for dynamic planning scenarios where environments or tools may change unexpectedly.
Plan-and-Patch: Diffusion Language Models for Agentic Planning
arXiv:2610.10786v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Planning is increasingly important for long-horizon agents, where successful execution requires coordinating subgoals, tool use, and intermediate outcomes over many steps. Yet assumptions made during planning may be invalidated by the environment, tools may return unexpected results, or actions may fail. Effective agents must therefore not only generate plans, but also revise them. Such revisions often affect only part of a plan, leaving the preceding and subsequent structure intact. Rather than regenerate the entire plan and risk unnecessary changes, repair can regenerate the affected region conditioned on the preserved prefix and suffix. We introduce Plan-and-Patch, a plan-and-act framework in which a diffusion language model (dLLM) generates a structured, program-like plan through parallel unmasking and repairs it by filling in selected regions while keeping the surrounding steps fixed. We compare DreamReasoner-8B and Qwen3-8B as diffusion and autoregressive (AR) planners. On Natural Plan without task-specific training, diffusion (53.7%) achieves nearly twice the plan repair success rate of AR (27.0%). After task-specific training on agentic benchmarks, ALFWorld and TextCraft, the planners achieve similar observed success in plan generation, while diffusion reduces mean plan-generation latency by 39-46% relative to AR. Our results show that Plan-and-Patch provides a framework for faster plan generation and effective plan repair in long-horizon agents.
Abstract:Planning is increasingly important for long-horizon agents, where successful execution requires coordinating subgoals, tool use, and intermediate outcomes over many steps. Yet assumptions made during planning may be invalidated by the environment, tools may return unexpected results, or actions may fail. Effective agents must therefore not only generate plans, but also revise them. Such revisions often affect only part of a plan, leaving the preceding and subsequent structure intact. Rather than regenerate the entire plan and risk unnecessary changes, repair can regenerate the affected region conditioned on the preserved prefix and suffix. We introduce Plan-and-Patch, a plan-and-act framework in which a diffusion language model (dLLM) generates a structured, program-like plan through parallel unmasking and repairs it by filling in selected regions while keeping the surrounding steps fixed. We compare DreamReasoner-8B and Qwen3-8B as diffusion and autoregressive (AR) planners. On Natural Plan without task-specific training, diffusion (53.7%) achieves nearly twice the plan repair success rate of AR (27.0%). After task-specific training on agentic benchmarks, ALFWorld and TextCraft, the planners achieve similar observed success in plan generation, while diffusion reduces mean plan-generation latency by 39-46% relative to AR. Our results show that Plan-and-Patch provides a framework for faster plan generation and effective plan repair in long-horizon agents.
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2610.10786 [cs.AI]
(or arXiv:2610.10786v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.10786 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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