Photon-echo synchronization and quantum state transfer in short quantum links

arXiv:2603.19064v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The short quantum link regime, where the photon travel time $\tau$ is comparable to the emitter lifetime $1/\gamma$, is experimentally relevant but theoretically underexplored: existing few-mode descriptions lose validity as retardation and multimode effects become significant. Using a Delay Differential Equation (DDE) framework that admits exact analytical solutions from the single-mode cavity limit to the multimode waveguide continuum, we show that emitters coupled to a short link spontaneously lock into self-synchronized Rabi oscillations driven by coherent photon echoes, breaking the link's discrete time-displacement symmetry. The resulting spectral structure -- persistent quasi-dark states and vacuum Rabi splitting, including in the superstrong coupling regime -- enables efficient quantum state transfer (QST): benchmarking three protocols across the full $\gamma\tau$ parameter space, we find that STIRAP exploits the quasi-dark-state structure to achieve a quadratic infidelity floor $\mathcal{O}((\gamma\tau)^2)$, outperforming both SWAP (linear error $\mathcal{O}(\gamma\tau)$) and wavepacket engineering for $\gamma\tau \lesssim 1.44$, even in regimes where retardation cannot be neglected. These results establish photon-echo synchronization as an engineering resource for quantum state transfer, with DDE modeling providing the exact analytical predictions needed to design and optimize short-link experiments on current circuit-QED hardware.

Abstract:The short quantum link regime, where the photon travel time $\tau$ is comparable to the emitter lifetime $1/\gamma$, is experimentally relevant but theoretically underexplored: existing few-mode descriptions lose validity as retardation and multimode effects become significant. Using a Delay Differential Equation (DDE) framework that admits exact analytical solutions from the single-mode cavity limit to the multimode waveguide continuum, we show that emitters coupled to a short link spontaneously lock into self-synchronized Rabi oscillations driven by coherent photon echoes, breaking the link's discrete time-displacement symmetry. The resulting spectral structure -- persistent quasi-dark states and vacuum Rabi splitting, including in the superstrong coupling regime -- enables efficient quantum state transfer (QST): benchmarking three protocols across the full $\gamma\tau$ parameter space, we find that STIRAP exploits the quasi-dark-state structure to achieve a quadratic infidelity floor $\mathcal{O}((\gamma\tau)^2)$, outperforming both SWAP (linear error $\mathcal{O}(\gamma\tau)$) and wavepacket engineering for $\gamma\tau \lesssim 1.44$, even in regimes where retardation cannot be neglected. These results establish photon-echo synchronization as an engineering resource for quantum state transfer, with DDE modeling providing the exact analytical predictions needed to design and optimize short-link experiments on current circuit-QED hardware.

arXiv:2603.19064 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2603.19064v2 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.19064 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Phys. Rev. Applied 26,044034 (2026)

https://doi.org/10.1103/f42v-1dx7 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources

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Photon-echo synchronization and quantum state transfer in short quantum links

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