PCoMoE: Shifting MoE Inference from Monolithic Expert Selection to Fine-Grained Path Composition

Abstract:Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale Large Language Model (LLM) capacity efficiently by activating a sparse subset of experts per token. However, modern MoE inference remains heavily constrained by the rigid, whole-expert abstraction. Existing frameworks manage, schedule, or prune experts as atomic execution units, which fixes the optimization boundary too early and leaves fine-grained intra-expert computational redundancy underexplored. In this work, we present PCoMoE, a path-compositional execution framework that shifts MoE inference from coarse-grained expert selection to fine-grained path composition. PCoMoE incorporates a path-level formulation of expert computation, a compatibility-aware layer-wise pruning strategy to suppress low-value path combinations, and a hardware-friendly execution engine to exploit reusable sub-expert structures under strictly bounded overheads. Experimental results demonstrate that PCoMoE achieves up to a 1.31x end-to-end inference speedup while enhancing model accuracy by 10%. The code is available at this https URL

Computation and Language (cs.CL)

arXiv:2609.01024 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2609.01024v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.01024 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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