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The paper shows that ultracold CaOH molecules can be made to interact through resonant dipolar exchange within a parity-doublet sensing manifold, and that these interactions can be tuned with Floquet engineering. The result is a proof of controllability rather than a sensing demonstration, but it matters for quantum-metrology readers because it suggests a route to spin squeezing in polyatomic molecules. The main open question is whether the protected regime near the Heisenberg point survives at densities and coherence times useful for entanglement-enhanced measurements.
Parity-doublet spin interactions in ultracold polyatomic molecules
arXiv:2610.36061v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Precision measurements exploit internal molecular structure to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Reaching the entanglement-enhanced regime requires preparing and preserving correlated molecular states within the same manifold used for sensing. Parity-doublet states are central to proposals for precision measurements with polyatomic molecules because they enable large molecular polarization for enhanced sensitivity, and provide internal state co-magnetometry to suppress systematic errors. Here we report the observation and control of resonant dipolar exchange interactions in a parity-doublet sensing manifold of ultracold polyatomic molecules. Using laser-cooled CaOH molecules in a crossed optical dipole trap, we encode a pseudospin in the $\ell$-type parity-doublet states and observe two complementary signatures of interactions: a density-dependent Ramsey contrast decay and a spin-projection-dependent mean-field precession whose sign reverses with the initialized population imbalance. Both observables are well described by a common discrete truncated Wigner model using independently calibrated experimental parameters. We further Floquet-engineer the interaction anisotropy and observe suppressed many-body dephasing near the SU(2)-symmetric Heisenberg point, identifying a protected regime relevant for spin squeezing and precision measurement with dense molecular ensembles. Our results establish parity doublets as a coherent, interacting, and programmable molecular degree of freedom, connecting the polyatomic precision-measurement platform to dipolar many-body physics and opening a route to entanglement-enhanced tests of fundamental physics.
Abstract:Precision measurements exploit internal molecular structure to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Reaching the entanglement-enhanced regime requires preparing and preserving correlated molecular states within the same manifold used for sensing. Parity-doublet states are central to proposals for precision measurements with polyatomic molecules because they enable large molecular polarization for enhanced sensitivity, and provide internal state co-magnetometry to suppress systematic errors. Here we report the observation and control of resonant dipolar exchange interactions in a parity-doublet sensing manifold of ultracold polyatomic molecules. Using laser-cooled CaOH molecules in a crossed optical dipole trap, we encode a pseudospin in the $\ell$-type parity-doublet states and observe two complementary signatures of interactions: a density-dependent Ramsey contrast decay and a spin-projection-dependent mean-field precession whose sign reverses with the initialized population imbalance. Both observables are well described by a common discrete truncated Wigner model using independently calibrated experimental parameters. We further Floquet-engineer the interaction anisotropy and observe suppressed many-body dephasing near the SU(2)-symmetric Heisenberg point, identifying a protected regime relevant for spin squeezing and precision measurement with dense molecular ensembles. Our results establish parity doublets as a coherent, interacting, and programmable molecular degree of freedom, connecting the polyatomic precision-measurement platform to dipolar many-body physics and opening a route to entanglement-enhanced tests of fundamental physics.
Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:2610.36061 [physics.atom-ph]
(or arXiv:2610.36061v1 [physics.atom-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.36061 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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