OVAL: Output-Aware Local Page Bases for KV Cache Retrieval

arXiv:2610.06686v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long context inference with large language models becomes increasingly expensive as attention must operate over an ever growing KV cache. Page sparse attention reduces this cost by representing each KV page compactly and retrieving only a subset for each query. Existing retrieval methods are designed to estimate attention scores or page relevance, but their objectives do not directly account for how approximation errors affect the resulting value weighted attention output. We introduce \method{}, an output aware page encoding derived from the joint structure of keys and values while preserving the key information needed for accurate retrieval. \method{} is training free and requires no additional value dependent statistics at inference time. Once constructed, its stored representation has the same size and decode time scoring cost as a key only spectral representation. Across long reasoning, long context understanding, and long generation benchmarks, \method{} consistently improves over the key only spectral baseline and performs competitively with recent KV cache compression and retrieval methods. On long reasoning benchmarks, it achieves strong avg@\(k\) performance across model benchmark pairs, while matching or surpassing leading baselines on several long context understanding and generation settings with modest decoding overhead. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/Ashkan13776/oval-kv}.

Abstract:Long context inference with large language models becomes increasingly expensive as attention must operate over an ever growing KV cache. Page sparse attention reduces this cost by representing each KV page compactly and retrieving only a subset for each query. Existing retrieval methods are designed to estimate attention scores or page relevance, but their objectives do not directly account for how approximation errors affect the resulting value weighted attention output. We introduce \method{}, an output aware page encoding derived from the joint structure of keys and values while preserving the key information needed for accurate retrieval. \method{} is training free and requires no additional value dependent statistics at inference time. Once constructed, its stored representation has the same size and decode time scoring cost as a key only spectral representation. Across long reasoning, long context understanding, and long generation benchmarks, \method{} consistently improves over the key only spectral baseline and performs competitively with recent KV cache compression and retrieval methods. On long reasoning benchmarks, it achieves strong avg@\(k\) performance across model benchmark pairs, while matching or surpassing leading baselines on several long context understanding and generation settings with modest decoding overhead. Code is available at \url{this https URL}.

Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2610.06686 [cs.LG]

(or arXiv:2610.06686v1 [cs.LG] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.06686 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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OVAL: Output-Aware Local Page Bases for KV Cache Retrieval

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