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This study demonstrates that a hybrid architecture combining LEO satellites with stratospheric high-altitude platforms can significantly outperform single-satellite systems for transatlantic quantum communication. By utilizing passive optical relays without quantum memories, the proposed design reduces system complexity while mitigating weather-related interruptions and increasing secure key generation rates by nearly two orders of magnitude. These findings provide a viable pathway for scaling global quantum networks using current technological capabilities.
On the viability of Transatlantic Quantum Entanglement Distribution using Combined Satellite and Stratospheric Relay Nodes
arXiv:2606.09805v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: To explore the pathways toward establishing a global quantum network, we investigate several link architectures for transatlantic quantum entanglement distribution over a 6,500 km ground distance. We define free-space link configurations involving satellites and stratospheric high altitude platforms (HAPs), using today's technology and without relying on quantum memories and repeaters. Considering link budgets, space radiation, orbital characteristics, and system complexity we find that a hybrid architecture consisting of an entangled photon source located on a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite supported by two passive optical relays located on HAPs provides the overall highest entanglement distribution rate. In addition, the satellite HAP architecture offers practical advantages in payload design and launch requirements, and the ability to lower the weather-related link interruptions assuming some maneuverability of HAPs. Overall, this hybrid configuration yields on the order of 5X10^6 secure key bits per year using 30 cm aperture ground receivers, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than achievable with a single MEO satellite and 1 m aperture ground receivers. Our results highlight the major benefits of hybrid satellite HAP architectures by reducing system complexity while enabling scalable and more accessible long-range quantum communication networks.
Abstract:To explore the pathways toward establishing a global quantum network, we investigate several link architectures for transatlantic quantum entanglement distribution over a 6,500 km ground distance. We define free-space link configurations involving satellites and stratospheric high altitude platforms (HAPs), using today's technology and without relying on quantum memories and repeaters. Considering link budgets, space radiation, orbital characteristics, and system complexity we find that a hybrid architecture consisting of an entangled photon source located on a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite supported by two passive optical relays located on HAPs provides the overall highest entanglement distribution rate. In addition, the satellite HAP architecture offers practical advantages in payload design and launch requirements, and the ability to lower the weather-related link interruptions assuming some maneuverability of HAPs. Overall, this hybrid configuration yields on the order of 5X10^6 secure key bits per year using 30 cm aperture ground receivers, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than achievable with a single MEO satellite and 1 m aperture ground receivers. Our results highlight the major benefits of hybrid satellite HAP architectures by reducing system complexity while enabling scalable and more accessible long-range quantum communication networks.
arXiv:2606.09805 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2606.09805v1 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.09805 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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