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This research demonstrates that standard boundary-seeking distillation techniques fail in generative autoencoders due to geometric conflicts within low-dimensional bottlenecks. The authors propose manifold-aware synthesis as a necessary correction, establishing a new baseline for data-free knowledge transfer without access to original training sets.
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On the Failure of Boundary-Seeking Distillation in Bottlenecked Generative Architectures

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arXiv:2607.15919v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data-free knowledge distillation transfers the knowledge encoded in a teacher model to a student model without access to the original training data. Prior work such as Contrastive Abductive Knowledge Extraction (CAKE) achieves this for classifiers by synthesizing samples near the teacher's decision boundary. In this work, we investigate whether this boundary-seeking principle extends to autoencoder distillation through experiments on the MNIST dataset . To enable a direct comparison, we reformulate continuous reconstruction as a dense, per-feature classification task, allowing the decoder to output categorical logits. We show that boundary-seeking objectives are fundamentally ill-posed in bottlenecked generative architectures. CAKE operates on a single, instance-level objective, but a decoder acts as an array of tightly coupled, feature-level classifiers constrained by a shared low-dimensional bottleneck. Independently sampling contrastive targets for these coupled outputs violates the geometry of the learned latent manifold and produces severe gradient conflicts instead of informative boundary samples. Manifold-aware synthesis bypasses these conflicts entirely and establishes an effective baseline for data-free generative distillation.

Abstract:Data-free knowledge distillation transfers the knowledge encoded in a teacher model to a student model without access to the original training data. Prior work such as Contrastive Abductive Knowledge Extraction (CAKE) achieves this for classifiers by synthesizing samples near the teacher's decision boundary. In this work, we investigate whether this boundary-seeking principle extends to autoencoder distillation through experiments on the MNIST dataset . To enable a direct comparison, we reformulate continuous reconstruction as a dense, per-feature classification task, allowing the decoder to output categorical logits. We show that boundary-seeking objectives are fundamentally ill-posed in bottlenecked generative architectures. CAKE operates on a single, instance-level objective, but a decoder acts as an array of tightly coupled, feature-level classifiers constrained by a shared low-dimensional bottleneck. Independently sampling contrastive targets for these coupled outputs violates the geometry of the learned latent manifold and produces severe gradient conflicts instead of informative boundary samples. Manifold-aware synthesis bypasses these conflicts entirely and establishes an effective baseline for data-free generative distillation.

Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2607.15919 [cs.LG]

(or arXiv:2607.15919v1 [cs.LG] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.15919 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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