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This paper establishes a rigorous mathematical criterion for the KMS spectral gap in Gaussian quantum Markov semigroups, refining previous conditions on Kraus operator coefficients to account for temperature blocks. The work advances foundational understanding of thermalization dynamics and stability in bosonic Fock spaces, which are critical for modeling noise and decoherence in quantum hardware.
On the existence of the KMS spectral gap in Gaussian quantum Markov semigroups
arXiv:2512.23414v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In arXiv:2405.04947, it was shown that a Gaussian quantum Markov semigroup on the $d$-mode bosonic Fock space with a unique faithful normal invariant state has a positive GNS spectral gap if and only if the matrix $[U \overline{V}]$, formed from the coefficients of the Kraus operators, has $2d$ linearly independent columns. In this paper, we establish the corresponding criterion for the KMS spectral gap. After standardizing the invariant Gaussian state and grouping the modes according to their inverse temperatures, let $U_n$ and $V_n$ denote the submatrices of $U$ and $V$, respectively, corresponding to the $n$-th equal-temperature block. We prove that $\ker U_n=\ker V_n$ for every $n$, and that the KMS spectral gap is positive if and only if this common kernel is trivial for every equal-temperature block. Thus, whereas the GNS spectral gap requires a global maximal-rank condition on the Kraus coefficients, the KMS spectral gap requires maximal column rank only within each equal-temperature block.
Abstract:In arXiv:2405.04947, it was shown that a Gaussian quantum Markov semigroup on the $d$-mode bosonic Fock space with a unique faithful normal invariant state has a positive GNS spectral gap if and only if the matrix $[U \overline{V}]$, formed from the coefficients of the Kraus operators, has $2d$ linearly independent columns. In this paper, we establish the corresponding criterion for the KMS spectral gap. After standardizing the invariant Gaussian state and grouping the modes according to their inverse temperatures, let $U_n$ and $V_n$ denote the submatrices of $U$ and $V$, respectively, corresponding to the $n$-th equal-temperature block. We prove that $\ker U_n=\ker V_n$ for every $n$, and that the KMS spectral gap is positive if and only if this common kernel is trivial for every equal-temperature block. Thus, whereas the GNS spectral gap requires a global maximal-rank condition on the Kraus coefficients, the KMS spectral gap requires maximal column rank only within each equal-temperature block.
Revised version with a new blockwise rank criterion for the KMS spectral gap, revised proofs and examples, and removal of some auxiliary material. 23 pages
Functional Analysis (math.FA); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:2512.23414 [math.FA]
(or arXiv:2512.23414v2 [math.FA] for this version)
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