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This research addresses the critical challenge of diagnosing behavioral variation in Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) where standard scalarization methods obscure distinct policy trajectories. By introducing an automated diagnostic workflow, the authors provide essential tools for inspecting Pareto front policies beyond simple expected return metrics, ensuring more robust decision-making in complex real-world applications.
Objective-Behavior Alignment: Diagnostics for MORL Policy Selection
arXiv:2606.21321v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Real-world decision-making often requires optimizing multiple competing objectives simultaneously. In reinforcement learning (RL), this is typically addressed by combining reward signals into a single scalar objective via a scalarization function, which can be fragile: small changes in the weights can induce drastically different policies. Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) instead produces sets of policies that explicitly represent trade-offs between objectives. However, these policies are typically presented to the decision maker only through their value vectors, which can obscure substantial behavioral variation: policies that induce distinct trajectories may appear indistinguishable when evaluated solely by expected returns. We propose an exploratory diagnostic workflow that automatically highlights behavioral variation along the Pareto front that objective values alone do not reveal, providing both quantitative and visual tools to support policy inspection. We validate our approach on simple grid examples and scale it to continuous control benchmarks, demonstrating that it remains effective as problem complexity increases.
Abstract:Real-world decision-making often requires optimizing multiple competing objectives simultaneously. In reinforcement learning (RL), this is typically addressed by combining reward signals into a single scalar objective via a scalarization function, which can be fragile: small changes in the weights can induce drastically different policies. Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) instead produces sets of policies that explicitly represent trade-offs between objectives. However, these policies are typically presented to the decision maker only through their value vectors, which can obscure substantial behavioral variation: policies that induce distinct trajectories may appear indistinguishable when evaluated solely by expected returns. We propose an exploratory diagnostic workflow that automatically highlights behavioral variation along the Pareto front that objective values alone do not reveal, providing both quantitative and visual tools to support policy inspection. We validate our approach on simple grid examples and scale it to continuous control benchmarks, demonstrating that it remains effective as problem complexity increases.
22 pages, 41 figures, Accepted to Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR). OpenReview: this http URL
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2606.21321 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2606.21321v2 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.21321 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2026. ISSN 2835-8856
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