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This research introduces Autoregressive Thought Flow (ATF), a novel framework that models reasoning steps as multimodal distributions within a continuous latent space rather than discrete tokens. By combining a causal autoregressive backbone with a lightweight diffusion head, the method preserves pretrained capabilities while enabling variable-length reasoning paths that capture diverse solution strategies. The approach demonstrates improved accuracy on mathematical tasks and broader coverage of solutions compared to single-prediction models.
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Next Thoughts Are Distributions: Generative Autoregressive Reasoning in the Latent Space

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arXiv:2609.33271v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning problems often admit multiple valid ways to proceed. Continuous reasoning promises to move computation beyond language tokens into a more compact latent space, but representing several plausible ways to think next remains difficult. We introduce Autoregressive Thought Flow (ATF), which models the next continuous thought as a multimodal distribution. A causal autoregressive model performs the reasoning computation, while a lightweight diffusion head generates a plausible next thought from the resulting condition. The sampled thought is fed back into the model, allowing continuous reasoning to unfold for a variable number of steps while preserving the pretrained backbone. Across mathematical reasoning tasks, ATF improves accuracy with compact latent traces and benefits from reinforcement learning and additional test-time thinking. Multi-sample evaluation shows broader solution coverage, indicating that its multimodal predictions capture useful diversity among reasoning paths. Our results suggest that continuous reasoning is more effective when multiple possible next thoughts remain available rather than being collapsed into a single prediction.

Abstract:Reasoning problems often admit multiple valid ways to proceed. Continuous reasoning promises to move computation beyond language tokens into a more compact latent space, but representing several plausible ways to think next remains difficult. We introduce Autoregressive Thought Flow (ATF), which models the next continuous thought as a multimodal distribution. A causal autoregressive model performs the reasoning computation, while a lightweight diffusion head generates a plausible next thought from the resulting condition. The sampled thought is fed back into the model, allowing continuous reasoning to unfold for a variable number of steps while preserving the pretrained backbone. Across mathematical reasoning tasks, ATF improves accuracy with compact latent traces and benefits from reinforcement learning and additional test-time thinking. Multi-sample evaluation shows broader solution coverage, indicating that its multimodal predictions capture useful diversity among reasoning paths. Our results suggest that continuous reasoning is more effective when multiple possible next thoughts remain available rather than being collapsed into a single prediction.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2609.33271 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2609.33271v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.33271 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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