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This research establishes a rigorous lower limit on work fluctuation for open quantum systems that interact with their environment, extending thermodynamic uncertainty relations beyond idealized closed models. By accounting for energy dissipation and rapid changes during projective measurements, the study provides critical theoretical bounds essential for optimizing energy transfer in nanotechnology and materials science.
Myongji University Team Bounds Quantum Work Fluctuations
Thermodynamic uncertainty typically assumes closed quantum systems yet real devices inevitably lose energy to their surroundings. This work establishes a quantifiable lower limit on work fluctuation, variance divided by timescale squared must exceed one over Fisher information or activity, for open systems measured during operation. It extends existing relations into unexplored territory, accounting for both rapid changes *and* dissipation.
Work fluctuations in quantum systems are accurately bounded even when these systems constantly interact with their environment. A new thermodynamic uncertainty relation quantifies these fluctuations within open quantum systems undergoing time-dependent changes and measured using projective energy measurements. The development allows computation of lower bounds on the variance of work performed by such systems, relying on combining information about how quickly the system responds to change with its entropy production. New limits have been…
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