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TechPulse take: This paper addresses negative interference in multilingual LLMs by reformulating fine-tuning as a multi-objective optimization problem solved locally on parameter buckets. The approach theoretically enforces Refined Pareto Stationarity and empirically improves representational separability, enabling distinct language-specific dimensions without the communication overhead of full gradient reconstruction. For practitioners, this offers a scalable method to enhance cross-lingual performance while mitigating the trade-offs inherent in standard fine-tuning paradigms.
Multilingual Fine-Tuning via Localized Gradient Conflict Resolution
arXiv:2606.05613v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has established cross-lingual versatility as a defining feature of modern systems. However, fine-tuning these models frequently induces negative interference across languages. To address this, we reformulate multilingual fine-tuning as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. Specifically, we introduce Bucket-Level MOO, a scalable distributed framework that applies gradient-based MOO algorithms locally on parameter buckets. This enables conflict-aware updates without the prohibitive communication overhead of reconstructing full gradient vectors. Theoretically, we prove this localized resolution natively enforces Refined Pareto Stationarity, a strictly tighter necessary condition for Pareto optimality. Empirically, Bucket-Level MOO mitigates interference by driving LLMs to construct distinct language-specific dimensions, improving representational separability. Extensive experiments across four base LLMs demonstrate that our method significantly improves both seen and unseen multilingual performance over standard fine-tuning paradigms.
Abstract:The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has established cross-lingual versatility as a defining feature of modern systems. However, fine-tuning these models frequently induces negative interference across languages. To address this, we reformulate multilingual fine-tuning as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. Specifically, we introduce Bucket-Level MOO, a scalable distributed framework that applies gradient-based MOO algorithms locally on parameter buckets. This enables conflict-aware updates without the prohibitive communication overhead of reconstructing full gradient vectors. Theoretically, we prove this localized resolution natively enforces Refined Pareto Stationarity, a strictly tighter necessary condition for Pareto optimality. Empirically, Bucket-Level MOO mitigates interference by driving LLMs to construct distinct language-specific dimensions, improving representational separability. Extensive experiments across four base LLMs demonstrate that our method significantly improves both seen and unseen multilingual performance over standard fine-tuning paradigms.
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
arXiv:2606.05613 [cs.AI]
(or arXiv:2606.05613v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.05613 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
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