Multi-SFT: Permissively-Licensed Multilingual Instruction-Following

Abstract:Supervised fine-tuning datasets remain overwhelmingly English-centric and commercially restricted, as their content is frequently generated by proprietary models whose terms of service forbid training competing systems. We introduce Multi-SFT, a commercially permissive collection of 502,818 instruction-response pairs across five European languages, built via translation and regeneration pipelines for tasks where translation is insufficient. Human evaluation yields inter-annotator agreement of at least 0.87 across all datasets and languages. Fine-tuning nine models from three different families (EuroLLM, OLMo 2, Qwen3; 1B-32B) and evaluating them on 13 benchmarks shows that Multi-SFT alone is competitive with larger augmented mixes and official instruction-tuned releases, with decisive advantages on safety tasks.

Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2610.22086 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2610.22086v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.22086 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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