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This research introduces MSSP, an unsupervised framework for 3D point cloud segmentation that addresses the high cost of manual labeling by combining multi-scale spectral analysis with spatially-constrained clustering. The study demonstrates that integrating spatial coherence as a structural prior is essential for effective multi-scale feature representation, achieving state-of-the-art results on standard indoor scene benchmarks without requiring human annotations.
MSSP: Multi-Scale Spatially-Constrained Partition for Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds
arXiv:2609.06959v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: 3D point cloud semantic segmentation is essential for real-world spatial understanding, yet the prohibitive cost of human annotations motivates unsupervised approaches that require no labels. Existing superpoint-based methods typically rely on spectral analysis at a fixed granularity, failing to capture the hierarchical semantic structures inherent in complex indoor scenes. To bridge this gap, we present a Multi-Scale Spatially-Constrained Partition (MSSP) framework that combines multi-scale spectral analysis with spatially-constrained clustering. Multi-scale spectral analysis constructs enriched superpoint descriptors across multiple clustering granularities; however, the resulting high-dimensional feature space calls for a structural prior to translate into cleaner segmentation. Spatially-constrained clustering supplies this prior by restricting superpoint merging to physically adjacent regions, imposing the spatial coherence needed for multi-scale features to be effective. Extensive experiments on S3DIS and ScanNet show that MSSP achieves the best mIoU among unsupervised methods on the main benchmarks, with particularly significant gains on S3DIS. Notably, our ablation reveals a regularize-then-enrich interaction: multi-scale features alone do not improve final segmentation, yet become highly effective when coupled with spatial regularization, underscoring that spatial coherence is aprerequisite for multi-scale representations in superpoint clustering.
Abstract:3D point cloud semantic segmentation is essential for real-world spatial understanding, yet the prohibitive cost of human annotations motivates unsupervised approaches that require no labels. Existing superpoint-based methods typically rely on spectral analysis at a fixed granularity, failing to capture the hierarchical semantic structures inherent in complex indoor scenes. To bridge this gap, we present a Multi-Scale Spatially-Constrained Partition (MSSP) framework that combines multi-scale spectral analysis with spatially-constrained clustering. Multi-scale spectral analysis constructs enriched superpoint descriptors across multiple clustering granularities; however, the resulting high-dimensional feature space calls for a structural prior to translate into cleaner segmentation. Spatially-constrained clustering supplies this prior by restricting superpoint merging to physically adjacent regions, imposing the spatial coherence needed for multi-scale features to be effective. Extensive experiments on S3DIS and ScanNet show that MSSP achieves the best mIoU among unsupervised methods on the main benchmarks, with particularly significant gains on S3DIS. Notably, our ablation reveals a regularize-then-enrich interaction: multi-scale features alone do not improve final segmentation, yet become highly effective when coupled with spatial regularization, underscoring that spatial coherence is aprerequisite for multi-scale representations in superpoint clustering.
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
arXiv:2609.06959 [cs.CV]
(or arXiv:2609.06959v1 [cs.CV] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.06959 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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