More than a Manipulator: Planning Propellant-Free Attitude Maneuvers for Free-Floating Spacecraft

Abstract:Spacecraft attitude control is traditionally achieved using momentum exchange devices or propellant-consuming thrusters. Meanwhile, a growing number of missions require robotic manipulators, which are typically treated as disturbance sources to be rejected rather than as actuators for spacecraft reorientation. This work investigates the use of manipulator motions for propellant-free attitude control by formulating a trajectory optimization problem with critical joint and collision avoidance constraints. Using an interior-point solver for the resulting nonlinear program, complex slew and detumble trajectories are computed for a range of spacecraft-manipulator systems, demonstrating rest-to-rest slew maneuvers of up to 90$^\circ$ and detumble maneuvers with a 40% reduction in angular velocity. The achievable control authority is also compared directly with that of reaction wheel arrays via momentum and torque envelopes, demonstrating the potential for manipulators to serve as redundant or even primary attitude control systems. This work provides a framework for using manipulators as multipurpose attitude control actuators, with particularly promising applications in in-space assembly and manufacturing when grasping payloads with high relative mass fractions.

Robotics (cs.RO)

arXiv:2607.12130 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2607.12130v2 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.12130 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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