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Rigetti Computing's modular architecture for superconducting qubits offers a pragmatic pathway to fault-tolerant quantum computing by addressing the engineering bottlenecks of scaling to millions of physical qubits. By partitioning qubits into interconnected units and utilizing a resource-estimation framework, this approach quantifies the trade-offs between system size, power consumption, and execution time required for practical algorithms. This shift from simple qubit count increases to optimized modular organization is critical for overcoming the architectural challenges necessary to solve problems intractable for classical supercomputers.
Modular Superconducting Qubits Scale to Millions for FTQC Potential

Superconducting qubits, potentially numbering in the millions, are being explored for fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) which, like conventional computers, could address complex challenges. This work presents a model for an FTQC based on modular superconducting qubits, assessing the physical resources needed for quantum algorithms and identifying architectural trade-offs.
Rigetti Computing researchers are exploring a pathway to fault-tolerant quantum computing by scaling superconducting qubits to potentially millions, a necessary step for tackling problems beyond the reach of conventional computers. The team has developed a modular architecture, dividing qubits into interconnected modules to address the challenges of maintaining performance at this scale. They employ a “resource-estimation framework and software tool” to assess the physical resources, size, power consumption, and execution time needed for quantum algorithms arranged on this modular hardware. This approach allows for quantifying architectural bottlenecks and trade-offs, determining how many physical qubits are necessary to solve practical problems, and what costs arise from…
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