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This theoretical study advances the understanding of false vacuum decay within quantum spin chains by establishing a many-body framework that bridges microscopic dynamics with cosmological analogies. The work provides analytically tractable insights into nucleation and bubble dynamics, validated against numerical matrix product state calculations across various parameter regimes. By characterizing these processes in terms of experimentally observable quantities, the research offers new conceptual tools for probing metastable states in strongly correlated quantum systems.
Many-body theory of false vacuum decay in quantum spin chains
arXiv:2508.13780v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this work we theoretically investigate the false vacuum decay process in a ferromagnetic quantum spin-1/2 chain. We develop a many-body theory describing the nucleation and the coherent dynamics of true-vacuum bubbles that is analytically tractable and agrees with numerical matrix product state calculations in all parameter regimes up to intermediate times. This theory allows us to identify different regimes in the parameter space and unravel the underlying physical mechanisms, thus offering new conceptual insight on the microscopic quantum dynamics of metastable states. In particular, analogies and differences with the cosmological false vacuum decay picture are highlighted and characterized in terms of experimentally observable quantities.
Abstract:In this work we theoretically investigate the false vacuum decay process in a ferromagnetic quantum spin-1/2 chain. We develop a many-body theory describing the nucleation and the coherent dynamics of true-vacuum bubbles that is analytically tractable and agrees with numerical matrix product state calculations in all parameter regimes up to intermediate times. This theory allows us to identify different regimes in the parameter space and unravel the underlying physical mechanisms, thus offering new conceptual insight on the microscopic quantum dynamics of metastable states. In particular, analogies and differences with the cosmological false vacuum decay picture are highlighted and characterized in terms of experimentally observable quantities.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:2508.13780 [cond-mat.stat-mech]
(or arXiv:2508.13780v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech] for this version)
Phys. Rev. B 114, 144303 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1103/kskv-9mhr DOI(s) linking to related resources
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