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This research introduces LFIRL, a novel offline algorithm for inverse reinforcement learning that eliminates computationally expensive policy optimization loops by leveraging diffusion policies. By framing reward learning as a sequential value recovery process, the method achieves a 2-3x speedup over existing baselines while maintaining high accuracy on complex robotic and navigation benchmarks. The approach represents a significant efficiency gain for training agents from expert demonstrations without requiring iterative bi-level optimization.
Loop-Free Inverse Reinforcement Learning via Sequential Value Recovery with Q-Score Matching
arXiv:2609.38955v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) aims to recover a reward function that explains expert demonstrations. Existing IRL methods typically rely on a bi-level optimization procedure that alternates between reward learning and policy optimization, leading to substantial computational burden and training instability. In this work, we introduce a different route that eliminates policy optimization entirely by leveraging diffusion policies. Our key insight is that a diffusion policy encodes the action-gradient structure of the optimal soft Q function, enabling reward learning to be cast as a sequence of value recovery problems, thereby allowing us to bypass reward-policy loops inherent in prior IRL methods. Specifically, our method proceeds in three stages: (I) recovering the optimal soft Q function via action-gradient matching and estimating the corresponding soft value function (LogSumExp of Q values) in a way inspired by Gumbel regression; (II) calibrating these soft values by inferring a state-dependent offset; (III) extracting the reward by enforcing Bellman consistency. This leads to Loop-Free Inverse Reinforcement Learning (LFIRL), a fully offline algorithm that operates in a simple, loop-free, and sequential manner. LFIRL is simple to implement and significantly improves training efficiency while maintaining strong reward recovery performance. Empirically, across Maze, Franka Kitchen, Adroit Hand Pen, and Push-T benchmarks, LFIRL achieves 2-3x speedup over the fastest baselines, while matching or surpassing state-of-the-art methods in reward recovery quality.
Abstract:Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) aims to recover a reward function that explains expert demonstrations. Existing IRL methods typically rely on a bi-level optimization procedure that alternates between reward learning and policy optimization, leading to substantial computational burden and training instability. In this work, we introduce a different route that eliminates policy optimization entirely by leveraging diffusion policies. Our key insight is that a diffusion policy encodes the action-gradient structure of the optimal soft Q function, enabling reward learning to be cast as a sequence of value recovery problems, thereby allowing us to bypass reward-policy loops inherent in prior IRL methods. Specifically, our method proceeds in three stages: (I) recovering the optimal soft Q function via action-gradient matching and estimating the corresponding soft value function (LogSumExp of Q values) in a way inspired by Gumbel regression; (II) calibrating these soft values by inferring a state-dependent offset; (III) extracting the reward by enforcing Bellman consistency. This leads to Loop-Free Inverse Reinforcement Learning (LFIRL), a fully offline algorithm that operates in a simple, loop-free, and sequential manner. LFIRL is simple to implement and significantly improves training efficiency while maintaining strong reward recovery performance. Empirically, across Maze, Franka Kitchen, Adroit Hand Pen, and Push-T benchmarks, LFIRL achieves 2-3x speedup over the fastest baselines, while matching or surpassing state-of-the-art methods in reward recovery quality.
Accepted to NeurIPS 2026. 20 pages, 7 figures
Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
arXiv:2609.38955 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2609.38955v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.38955 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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