Lightweight Person-Place Relation Extraction from Historical Newspapers with Dependency Graphs and Proximity Features

Abstract:The HIPE-2026 shared task introduces person-place relation extraction from multilingual historical newspapers as a new evaluation track, classifying the at and isAt relations between pre-annotated person and location mentions in English, French, and German. Motivated by the cost of processing historical archives at scale, our team (DS@GT HIPE, team 2 in the official results) investigates how far a lightweight, interpretable system can go without any pretrained language model at the relation classification stage. Our approach builds a document-level graph from dependency parses, extracts proximity-based and part-of-speech features for each entity pair, and classifies them with small scikit-learn ensembles or compact Graph Attention Networks, keeping every submitted run under 847K parameters. On the official evaluation (Test A, the newspaper test set), our best run reached a macro recall of 0.5142, ranking 3rd on the Efficiency profile while placing mid-table on Accuracy among the 17 participating teams. Two findings stand out. First, minimum character distance alone captures most of the classification signal; adding further engineered features yields inconsistent gains and sometimes degrades performance, echoing prior evidence that argument distance dominates relation extraction. Second, document-grouped cross-validation is essential on this corpus: pair-level splits inflate scores by 25-37 percentage points because entity mentions recur across documents, a data-leakage effect that grouped cross-validation removes.

19 pages, 4 figures. Accepted at CLEF 2026 HIPE Shared Task. To appear in CEUR Workshop Proceedings (this http URL)

Computation and Language (cs.CL)

arXiv:2607.19718 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2607.19718v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.19718 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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